Science and Culture: Looking at a shared sky, through the lens of art.
نویسنده
چکیده
Long ago, before recorded history, humans looked to the sky. They followed the movements of the sun, the phases of the moon, and the changes in the stars. They sought to track time, plan for rites, and mark when to gather and hunt. Often, they simply stared upward and told stories. Modern-day astronomers have inherited this ancient tradition, but their endeavors have sometimes clashed with indigenous peoples. In the late-1980s, the San Carlos Apaches quashed plans for the Mount Graham National Observatory in Arizona. In 2005, the Tohono O’odham Nation prevented Kitt Peak Observatory from being built on their tribal reservation. Most recently, Native Hawaiians have protested the placement of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) atop Mauna Kea, a volcanic mountain that many consider sacred. The rallies received worldwide attention and have, for the time being, shuttered construction of the next-generation TMT. Activists say they aren’t against research, they simply want their values respected. Across the globe, in Australia and South Africa, astronomers are gearing up to build the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), which will become the largest radio telescope in the world. Here too, local indigenous peoples will be affected, as the astronomers aim to use their land. And in these two locations, as in Hawaii, the indigenous communities bear scars from centuries of colonial exploitation and mistreatment. But thus far, the culture clash has proven much more disruptive in Hawaii. To some extent, this is not surprising, as the TMT and SKA scenarios differ in important ways. Only in Hawaii would the construction impinge on a sacred burial ground, cause environmental degradation, and potentially reprise historical missteps. But both situations show
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
دوره 113 50 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016